Railway development in Rajasthan began in the late 19th century under British rule. The Rajputana–Malwa Railway was one of the earliest lines, connecting Ajmer to Delhi via Bandikui and Alwar. The line was extended to Jaipur in 1875 and later to Jodhpur and Udaipur, facilitating trade and administrative control.
These early lines were primarily metre-gauge and served princely states like Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Bikaner, which had their own railway systems such as the Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway.
During the early 20th century, Rajasthan's railway network expanded significantly. The Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway was merged with other regional lines to form a more integrated system. Lines connecting Kota, Bundi, and Chittorgarh were developed to support mineral transport and agriculture.
The railways played a strategic role during World War I and II, transporting troops and supplies across the region. Post-independence, the network was gradually integrated into Indian Railways.
After 1947, Rajasthan's railway infrastructure was reorganized under Indian Railways. The North Western Railway zone was established in 2002 with headquarters in Jaipur, managing most of the railway operations in the state.
Broad-gauge conversion projects were undertaken to replace metre-gauge lines, improving connectivity and efficiency. Electrification and modernization of stations also began during this period.
Rajasthan is home to several heritage railway assets, including the Palace on Wheels luxury train and the heritage stations of Jaipur and Jodhpur. The state also features scenic routes like the Udaipur–Kumbhalgarh line.
Modernization efforts include the introduction of semi-high-speed trains, digital ticketing, and improved passenger amenities. The railways continue to support tourism, trade, and regional development in Rajasthan.